Chapter 7 BSC1011C Study Guide

BSC1011C Chapter 7 Study Guide

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Terms to Know in This Chapter:

prokaryote (sing.) [pro CARE eh oat]
peptidoglycan [pep teh doe GLY can]
murein [MURE eh in]
chemoautotrophic [KEE moe AUGH toe TROW fik]
cyanbacterium (sing.) [sigh AN oh back TEAR eh um]
cyanobacteria (pl.) [sigh AN oh back TEAR eh ah]
endospore (sing.) [IN doe spore]
enteric [in TERR ik]
mycoplasma (sing.) [MY co plaz muh]
myxobacterium (sing.) [mix oh back TEAR ee um]
myxobacteria (pl.) [mix oh back TEAR ee ah]
aerobic [err OBE ik]
anaerobic [anah ROBE ik]
nitrogen fixation
pseudomonads (pl.) [sue doe MOAN ads]
rickettsia [rih KET see ah]
chlamydia (sing.) [clah MID ee ah]
spirochete (sing.) [SPIRE oh keet]
hypha (sing.) [HIGH fah]
hyphae (pl.) [HIGH fee]
obligate [oh BLEEG ate]
facultative [FAK ul tay tive]
thylakoid (sing.) [THIGH lah coid]
phycobilin (sing.) [fie COBB oh lin]
heterocyst (sing.) [HET er oh sist]
Gram positive
Gram negative
pathogenic [path oh GIN ik]
saprobe [SAP robe]
chemoheterotroph [KEE mo HET er oh troph]
nodule (sing.)[NOD yule]
coccus (sing.) [COCK us]
cocci (pl.) [COCK eye]
bacillus (sing.) [back SILL us]
bacilli (pl.) [back SILL eye]
spirillum (sing.) [spur RILL um]
spirilli (pl.) [spur RILL eye]
strepto - [STREP toe]
staphlo- [STAFF low]
diplo- [DIP low]
tetrad
sarcina (sing.) [sar SINE ah]
sarcinae (pl.) [sar SIN ee]
vibrio (sing.) [VEE bree oh]
flagellum (sing.) [flah GEL um]
flagella (pl.) [flah GEL ah]
atrichous [ay TRICK us]
monotrichous [moe no TRICK us]
lophotrichous [low foe TRICK us]
peritrichous [pear eh TRICK us]
epsilon-N-methyl lysine [EP seh lon] [n MET ul LIE seen]
pilus (sing.) [PILL us]
pilli (pl.) [PILL eye]
F pilus
bacteriophage (sing.) [back TEAR eh oh faj]
spine
capsule
slime
diaminiopimelic acid [die ah MEAN oh pie MEL ik]
teichloic [tie CLOE ik]
N-acetylglucosamine [n ah SEE tul glue KOSE ah mean]
muramic acid [mure AM ik]
N-acetylmuramic acid [n ah SEE tul mure AM ik]
mesosome [MEZ eh zome]
plasmid (sing.) [PLAZ mid]
ribosome (sing.) [RIBE oh zome]
metachromatic granule [met ah crow MAT ik]
polysaccharide granule
carboxysome (sing.) [car BOX eh zome]
gas vacuole
exospore (sing.) [EX oh spore]
cyst (sing.)
conidium (sing.) [co NID eh um]
condidia (pl.) [co NID ee ah]
akinete (sing.) [ACK ah neet]
binary fission
transformation [trans for MAY shun]
conjugation con jew GAY shun]
transduction [trans DUCK shun]
episome (sing) [EP eh zome]
Hfr (high frequency recombinant)
archaebacterium (sing.) [ark ah back TEAR ee um]
archaebacteria (pl.) [ark ah back TEAR ee ah]
methanogen [muh THAN oh gin]
halophile [HAL oh file]
thermoacidiophile [therm oh ah SID ee oh file]
Koch (COCK]
hormogonium (sing.) [hore moe GONE ee um]
hormogonia (pl.) [hore moe GONE ee ah]

Genera You Need to Know:

Nostoc [NOSS tock]
Oscillatoria [oss eh lah TORE ee ah]
Anabaena [an ah bah EEN ah]
Gloeocapsa [glee oh CAP sah]
Bacillus [back SILL us]
Escherichia coli [esh eh REEK kee ah] [CO lie]
Salmonella [sal moe NELL ah]
Vibrio [VEE bree oh]
Rhizobium [rye ZOBE ee um]
Rickettsia ricketssia [reh KETT see ah]
Pseudomonas [sue doe MOAN us]
Treponema [tree poh NEEM ah]

What You Need to Know:

You should be able to:
define a prokaryote,
distinguish between bacteria and cyanobacteria,
list some of the major groups of prokaryotes and explain their diversity,
understand what is meant by Gram positive and Gram negative,
distinguish between chemoautotrophs and chemoheterotrophs,
name the three basic shapes of bacteria and explain how those shapes may vary,
give the composition of a bacterial flagellum, name its components, give the arrangement of flagella around a bacterium and explain how the flagellum works,
give the function of a pilus,
give the function of a capsule,
describe the structure of a bacterial cell wall and differentiate between Gram positive and Gram negative,
explain the function of mesosomes,
describe the genetic material of bacteria and what plasmids function as,
explain the difference in ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes,
name and give the function of some protoplasmic inclusions,
name the various types of spores produced in bacteria and cyanobacteria,
explain Hfr and episomes and their roles in reproduction,
explain how Archaebacteria differ from other prokaryotes and eukaryotes,
distinguish between methanogens, thermoacidiophiles, and halophiles,
state Koch's postulates and explain, and
distinguish between Oscillatoria, Gloeocapsa, Nostoc, and Anabaena.

Exercises: Fill in the Blank.

The cell wall component of bacteria is a peptidoglycan called .
Bacteria that live in the gut of mammals are called bacteria.
Bacteria that must have oxygen to live are called aerobic. (obligate, facultative)
Bacteria that use ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur and iron III with carbon dioxide to build organic molecules are said to be .
Accessory photosynthetitc pigments in cyanobacteria are collectively called .
These are the smallest of prokaryotic cells and may have a role in lethal yellowing of palm trees.
is the genus of bacterium that lives in nodules of legumes and fixes atmospheric nitrogen.
The causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is .
The causative agent of syphilis is the prokaryote called which is a because of its helical cells.
Chains of rods would be called .
When flagella are tufted at one point on a bacterium, they are said to be in arrangement.
What is the sedimentation coefficient of prokaryotic ribosomes?
What is the difference between a plasmid and an episome? .
These structures fix carbon dioxide.
These are spores in cyanobacteria.
Griffith's experiment with mice and Pneumococcus led to the form of reproduction called .
Methanogens, halophiles, and thermoacidiophiles are all examples of .
List Koch's four postulates:
a.
b.
c.
d. .
Which cyanobacterium waves back and forth in the water?
A segment between two heterocysts in cyanobacteria is referred to as a(n) .

Exercises: Multiple Choice. Select the Best Answer.

These are often salt loving or salt tolerant forms of bacteria.

(1) actinomycetes

(2) cyanobacteria

(3) arachaeobacteria

(4) enteric bacteria

(5) mycoplasmas
These bacteria don't have cell walls and are the smallest of prokaryotes.

(1) actinomycetes

(2) cyanobacteria

(3) archaeobacteria

(4) enteric bacteria

(5)mycoplasmas
These were at one time considered fungi because they produce hyphae and conidia, however, they are now considered prokaryotes.

(1) actinomycetes

(2) cyanobacteria

(3) archaeobacteria

(4) enteric bacteria

(5) mycoplasmas
Comma shaped bacteria are called

(1) cocci.

(2) staphlo forms.

(3) diplo forms.

(4) vibrio forms.

(5) sarcinae.
These bacteria live in the guts of mammals and are strictly anaerobic.

(1) actinomycetes

(2) cyanobacteria

(3) archaeobacteria

(4) enteric bacteria

(5) mycoplasmas
Bacteria without flagella would be said to be

(1) monotrichous.

(2) peritrichous.

(3) lophotrichous.

(4) atrichous.

(5) more than one answer is correct.
These function in cell wall synthesis, division of nuclear material, respiration, and possibly spore formation.

(1) metachromatic granules

(2) plasmids

(3) episomes

(4) mesosomes

(5) ribosomes
These have a 70s sedimentation coefficient.

(1) metachromatic granules

(2) plasmids

(3) episomes

(4) mesosomes

(5) ribosomes
Sexual reproduction involving a bacteriophage is termed

(1) binary fission.

(2) transformation.

(3) transduction.

(4) conjugation.

(5) Hfr.
These bacteria are often pink due to a pigment called bacteriorhodopsin.

(1) methanogens

(2) halophiles

(3) pathogens

(4) cyanobacteria

(5) thermoacidiophiles