BSC 1011C

Laboratory Study Guide, Animal Tissues

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Read:

Helms DR, Helms CW, Kosinski RJ, Cummings JR. 1998. Biology in the laboratory, 3rd ed. W.H. Freeman: New York. Chapter 38: Physiology of Circulation; pp. 1-19.

Terms to Know in This Chapter:

granulocyte (sing.) [GRAN you low site]

monocyte (sing.) [MOE no site]

lymphocyte (sing.) [LIMFF oh site]

erythrocyte (sing.) [ee WRITH row site]

leucocyte (sing.) [LEW ko site]

eosinophil (sing.) [ee oh SIN oh fill]

neutrophil (sing.) [NEW trow fill]

basophil [BASE oh filll]

platelet (sing.) [PLATE let]

sickle-cell

mononucleosis [moe no new klee OH siss]

hemoglobin [HE moe GLOBE in]

aorta (ay OR tah]

capillary (sing.) [CAP eh lair ee]

capillaries (pl.) [CAP eh lair eez]

oxygenated [OX eh geh nay ted]

deoxygenated

tricuspid [tri CUSS pid]

bicuspid [bi CUSS pid]

atrioventricular [ay tree oh ven TRICK you lar]

semilunar [sim eh LOON are]

sinoatrial node [cy no AY tree ul]

pulmonary

vena cava [VEE nah] [CAVE ah]

atrium (sing.) [AY tree um]

atria (pl.) [AY tree ah]

ventricle (sing.)

bundle of His

pericardium (sing.) [pere eh CARD ee um]

pericardia (pl.) [pere eh CARD ee ah]

ductus arteriosus [DUCK tuss] [are tear ee OH suss]

ligamentum arteriosum [lig ah MEN tum] [are tear ee OH sum]

chorda tendina (sing.) [CORE dah] [TEN dah nah]

chordae tendinae (pl.) [CORE dee] [TEN deh nee]

artery (sing.) [ARE teh ree]

arteries (pl.) [ARE teh reez]

vein (sing.)

endothelium (sing.) [in doe THEL ee um]

endothelia (pl.) [in doe THEL ee ah]

systole [SISS tole]

diastole [die ASS tole]

sphygmomanomter [SPING moe man OM eh tur]

sethoscope [STETH oh scope]

acetylcholine [ah seat ah COLE een]

epinephrine [ep eh NEFF rin]

What You Need to Know:

You should be able to:

1. distinguish among leucocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets and identify each microscopically,
2. distingusih among frog blood, normal human blood, sickle-cell blood, and blood with mononucleosis ,
3. identify the major anatomical external and internal features of the human heart and explain each,
4. explain the basic circulatory pattern in humans,
5. explain the difference between fetal circulation and normal human circulation,
6. distinguish the difference between an artery and a vein,
7. recognize an artheriosclerotic artery,
8. demonstrate the ability to take someone's blood pressure and pulse rate and explain the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures, and
9. explain the effect of cold, heat, acetylcholine and epinephrine on the water flea, Daphnia.

Exercises: Fill in the Blank.

1. Arteries carry blood the heart while veins carry blood from the heart.
2. White blood cells are called while red blood cells are called .
3. and transform into macrophages which migrate to infected areas of the body.
4. What causes red blood cells to take on an sickle-shape? (Why does it form the way it does, not the genetics of the condition.) .
5. How do frog red blood cells differ from human red blood cells?
6. Beginning with blood entering the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava trace a drop of blood through the human system by putting the following terms in correct sequence.
   aorta
   pulmonary artery
   pulmonary vein
   lungs
   right ventricle
   left ventricle
   left atrium

   a.
   b.
   c.
   d.
   e.
   f.
   g.

7. The heart rhythm is controlled by the while the causes the ventricle to contract.
8. The atrioventricular valve that is found between the right atrium and ventricle is the valve, while the ones between the left atrium and ventricle is the valve.
9. The is a tough strand of connective tissue that constricted after birth of the fetus.
10. The prevent the valves from everting in the heart.
11. The inner lining of tissue in blood vessels is called .
12. Which is more muscular, an artery or a vein? .
13. pressure is due to the relaxation of the ventricles.
14. Normal blood pressure in the average adult male is while normal blood pressure in the average adult female is
15. Does the heart beat of Daphnia slow or speed up in cold water?

Exercises: Multiple Choice. Select the Best Answer.

1. These secrete clotting factor.

   (1) erythrocytes
   

   (2) leucocytes
   

   (3) platelets
   

   (4) plasma
   

   (5) endothelium

2. Eosinophils are this type of cell.
   

   (1) erythrocyte
   

   (2) leucocyte
   

   (3) endothelium
   

   (4) platelets
   

   (5) chordae tendonae

3. Which carry oxygenated blood?
   

   (1) pulmonary arteries
   

   (2) inferior vena cava
   

   (3) superior vena cava
   

   (4) right ventricle
   

   (5) pulmonary veins

4. When you take diastolic blood pressure readings.
   

   (1) You cease to hear the pulse.
   

   (2) You expect 120 mm for adult men.
   

   (3) You expect 100 mm for adult women.
   

   (4) The ventricles contract.
   

   (5) More than one answer is correct.

5. Which causes the rhythm of the heart?
   

   (1) Bundle of His
   

   (2) sinoatrial node
   

   (3) ligamentum arteriosum
   

   (4) chordae tendonae
   

   (5) central nervous system